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Treatment of Hay Fever
Ophthalmic Preparations
Ocular antihistamines - These medications are administered as eye drops and help to reduce itching of the eyes associated with allergies by blocking histamine and cytokines from binding with the receptor site. Examples include:
- Levocabastine (Livostin)
- Emadastine (Emadine)
- Antazoline/naphazoline (Vasocon-A)
Mast-cell stabilizers - Cromolyn ophthalmic solution (e.g., Crolom) is used in the eye to treat and relieve allergic symptoms of the eye. It works by preventing the release of chemicals from the mast cells that cause the allergic reaction. Side effects may include rash or redness around the eyes, swelling or redness of the white part of the eye, and eye irritation. These side effects may go away during treatment.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - These medications help to relieve itching of the eyes by preventing inflammation. NSAIDs are usually administered four times daily for 1-2 weeks, then 2-3 times daily as needed for itching. Side effects include stinging upon instillation. NSAIDs must be used with caution. Ophthalmic NSAIDs may cause keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), erosion and perforation of the cornea. Examples include:
- Ketorolac tromethamine (Acular)
- Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)
