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A variety of nutritional and lifestyle interventions can help patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) to better control symptoms of the condition and improve their quality of life. Some recommendations include:

• Restriction of sodium (salt) intake to about 2.0 grams per day.

• Restriction of fluid intake to no more than 1.5 to 2.0 liters per day

• In general, following a "heart-healthy diet" with restricted intake of dietary fats is important for preventing coronary artery disease which is a recognized risk factor for congestive heart failure.

• Since many elderly patients with CHF experience a loss of appetite (anorexia), it is of utmost importance to help patients maintain a well-balanced diet with adequate caloric intake. Consultation with a nutritionist/dietician can be helpful in ensuring an adequate dietary intake of calories and can help to prevent malnutrition.

• During an acute episode of CHF or in severe heart failure, restriction of activity or even short term bed rest may help to facilitate excretion of excess fluid (diuresis) and help to control symptoms. In general, however, a program of gradual mild to moderate exercise developed with the counsel of the health care provider, can help minimize symptoms, increase activity tolerance, and improve overall quality of life.

• Elevation of the lower extremities while at rest can help to promote diuresis and reduce swelling.