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Diabetes has long been recognized as a strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a problem which accounts for approximately 70% of all mortality in people with diabetes. Prospective studies show that compared to their non-diabetic counterparts, the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality for men with diabetes is two to three and for women with diabetes is three to four.

Ethnic minorities (especially African Americans and Hispanics) in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by most diabetes-related complications, including diabetic retinopathy, lower-extremity amputation, and end-stage renal disease. For example, the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy is 46% higher in African Americans than in non-Hispanic whites, and African Americans with diabetes are more likely to develop kidney disease and kidney failure requiring dialysis than non-Hispanic whites. Literature has suggested that control of A1C (a measure of a person's average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months) may be poorer among minority populations than among non-minority populations for various reasons including lack of access to health care, lower rates of health insurance and little or no prescription coverage - all of which can lead to delayed diagnosis and increased years of exposure to untreated diabetes.

Depression is more common in persons with diabetes, compared with those without, especially in those who are experiencing complications from the disease. Diabetes can affect a person's ability to work, function independently, maintain healthy relationships, and can have a negative impact on self-esteem. It is important to discuss this with your health care provider if you have concerns about your mood.