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Polycystic kidney disease - refers to a group of inherited disorders characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) typically affects adults while autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) mainly affects infants. Polycystic kidney disease has been estimated to be the cause of ESRD in about 4.3% of cases.

Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) - a chronic inflammatory/autoimmune disease that can injure the skin, joints, kidneys and nervous system.

A prolonged urinary tract obstruction or blockage.

Alport syndrome - an inherited disorder that causes deafness, progressive kidney damage, and eye defects.

Nephrotic syndrome - This is a type of kidney disease which leads to loss of protein in the urine and swelling of the face (often the eyes) or body. It is most common in children younger than 6 years old and is more prevalent in boys than in girls.

Cystinosis - an inherited disorder of the renal tubules of the kidney that results in the accumulation of the amino acid cystine. The excessive build-up of cystine results in the formation of crystals that can damage the kidneys, eyes, and other organ systems.

Interstitial nephritis - a hypersensitivity reaction causing inflammation of the small internal structures of the kidney. Medications that have been known to cause interstitial nephritis include: penicillins, cephalosporins, allopurinol, and azathioprine.

Unknown causes account for approximately 20% of chronic renal disease