Introduction to Migraine Headache

Triggers and Migraine Headaches

There are several factors, called triggers that can set the mechanism causing migraine headache into motion, including:

• Hormones - fluctuation in estrogen levels appears to trigger migraines in women, particularly around the perimenstrual period. Some women experience migraines during pregnancy or menopause, both life changes associated with hormonal changes. It has also been observed that hormonal therapy, such as hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives, makes migraine headaches worse.
• Stress - either being under stress or the cessation of stress
• Changes in sleep patterns - the person may be getting more or less sleep than needed or may be sleeping on an irregular schedule
• Foods - there is an extensive list of foods that may trigger migraines on the website of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) (http://www.aafp.org). The AAFP estimates that approximately 30% of people who suffer from migraines can identify a food that triggers their headaches. Chocolate and cheese are among the most frequently noted food triggers of migraine.
• Fasting or skipping meals
• Sensory stimulation such as a strong odor (good or bad), loud noises, or bright lights
• Physical exertion
• Certain medications
• Environmental changes - includes changes such as altitude, barometric pressure, changes of season, or changes in weather
• Depression or fatigue