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The human ear is a complex, sensory organ which is involved with two important functions: hearing and maintaining balance. It is an integral part of the vestibular system that is responsible for maintaining the body's orientation in space, balance, and posture. The vestibular system also regulates motion and other movements and keeps objects in visual focus as the body moves. The ear is also responsible for the auditory system which regulates almost all matters relating to hearing. The two systems are intimately connected.

Any disturbance to the smooth operation of the vestibular system results in symptoms that affect us in an immediate way, including dizziness, unsteadiness in walking, feeling disoriented in space, or poor balance. These sensations may all be accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting. Any disturbance to the auditory system can result in problems such as hearing loss, or tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Because of the close proximity and common nerve pathways, many disturbances to either system can affect both. For example, Meniere's disease results in hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.